Lightner Museum

St. Augustine, FL

March 10, 2022

The Lightner Museum sits on King Street, just across from Flagler College. Named after its' founder, Otto C. Lightner, the museum houses artifacts that demonstrate various periods in art, architecture, and history. The building became a museum in 1948, but before that, the space was Henry Flagler's Alcazar Hotel. Currently, the museum houses several arts and geological exhibits and a café in the former swimming pool.

Lightner Museum

Artifact 1: "Woman on Garden Bench"

This lead and enameled glass window panel was likely created by the Rudy Brothers Glass Company in Pennsylvania around 1900. The company rivaled Tiffany with their drapery glass and human forms. The studio also trained other well-known glassmakers.

Artifact 2: Achilles and Patroclus

This statue is bronze, crafted by Edme Anthony Paul Noel around 1880. The Latin at the base translates to "one having been plucked, another is not lacking." The statue depicts the moment Achilles vows to get revenge after Patroclus is killed by Hector. The French origin of the piece suggests that it's an allusion to the French hope for revenge after they were defeated by Germany in Sudan.

Exterior 1

Exterior 2

Image in Conversation 1

This is a picture of the Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. It houses one of the largest collections of Dali's art and frequently hosts temporary exhibits from other artists. The museum itself is built to reflect the content and style of Dali's art. The Lightner Museum reminds me of this because the lavish exterior reflects the pristine, expensive artifacts housed inside. The architecture and features of museums are incredibly important in creating the atmosphere and immersing visitors in what they'll see inside.

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This is a picture of the Tiffany stained glass windows in Flagler College's dining hall. I love stained glass, as I grew up going to churches with intricate stained glass windows. The Lightner Museum housed a temporary exhibit of stained glass, much of which was from the Tiffany Company. The crisp geometric shapes in the Lightner's exhibit remind me of the ones in the dining hall, and I could stare at any stained glass forever.

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Image in Conversation 2

"Why do you imagine golden birds?   

Do you not see how the blackbird   

Walks around the feet   

Of the women about you?"

- "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird" by Wallace Stevens

This stanza discusses enjoying the beauty of the world around us rather than focusing on unattainable concepts of beauty. Otto Lightner collected a variety of artworks and historical objects, all because it happened to suit his taste. Most museums have a theme or focus (natural history, war history, local history, science, etc.), but the Lightner Museum is unique to me because it doesn't follow a particular theme, it simply displays objects and exhibits that pique people's curiosity.

Creative Response

Swimming Pool - For the iconic swimming pool in the center of the museum

Stained Glass - For my favorite exhibit when I visited

Gardens - For the beautiful gardens outside the museum

Alcazar - For the hotel's old name

Otto - For Mr. Lightner himself

Summer Home - For all the wealthy people who stayed at the hotel to escape the cold of their homes up north

Flagler - For Henry Flagler

Collector - For Lightner's legacy

Koi Pond - For the pond out front

Tolomato Cemetery

St. Augustine, FL

February 24, 2022

Tolomato cemetery houses around 1,000 deceased, all in less than one acre. It includes the oldest marked burial in the state of Florida, as well as burials from the First Spanish Period, British Period, Second Spanish Period, and Florida's time as US Territory. Those buried in Tolomato come from a variety of backgrounds, including Menorcan, Irish, Spanish, Cuban, African, and Haitian. There are also soldiers from both sides of the Civil War, buried just yards away from one another. The cemetery exemplifies St. Augustine's complex, diverse history.

Tolomato Cemetery

 

Artifact 1: Elizabeth Forester's Grave

Elizabeth Forester was the daughter of well-off merchants from the North. Her gravesite is the oldest marked burial in Florida. It's an above-ground crypt made from Georgia marble. Her grave was robbed for her clothes by Spanish soldiers from the Castillo de San Marco, prompting the building of the first fence around Tolomato Cemetery.

Artifact 2: Father Felix Varela's Mausoleum

Father Felix Varela was born in Cuba and brought to St. Augustine at an early age. He studied under Father Miguel O'Reilly, an Irish priest who studied in Spain (and who is also buried at Tolomato). He returned to Cuba at 14 to study for the priesthood and founded the first philharmonic orchestra in Havana. He was heavily involved in politics and supported women's rights, abolition, and Cuban independence. When he returned to the US, he worked in New York with Irish immigrants. He remained influential in Cuban politics throughout his life. In his mausoleum, everything is from Cuba. In the mausoleum's cornerstone, his speeches lie untouched in a lead box. His remains are not in the mausoleum but in Cuba.

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Exterior 2

Image in Conversation 1

This image depicts guards standing at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at Arlington National Cemetery in the rain. The guards are known for their extraordinary commitment to their jobs, and the site commemorates all US service members whose remains have never been identified. Tolomato Cemetery made me think of this site because we unfortunately have nothing like the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier for Tolomato. There are so many buried there whose names we'll never know, but we have no visual marker for them. Every historical cemetery with unidentified remains should have a marker similar to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier because it's important to remember all those who came before, even if we cannot identify them.

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This image is a radar map of a suspected African American potter's field found on King High School's campus in Tampa. The survey estimates that there are about 145 graves in the area, all of them unmarked. This discovery was made while I was still living in Tampa, and it was very jarring to think about how many unmarked graves there must be under the entire city. Visiting Tolomato and hearing about the uncertainty of where graves are in St. Augustine reminded me of this case, and it made me wonder how many unknown graves there are around the world.

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ENG 202 Passage

"They explored the poles 

for offshore drilling. 

Once, we blocked them, 

In that we understood 

The risk of an oil spill

For a glacier."

- "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Glacier" by Craig Santos Perez

These lines evoke the idea of preservation as a reflection of cultural values. The lines refer to how people once chose to preserve the environment over their own comfort, but imply that our culture no longer values the environment as much as we value the comfort and wealth fossil fuels bring us. People in the past valued those with wealth and resources, which is why grave markers, a major form of preservation, were only accessible to the upper class. We can tell that historically, people in St. Augustine heavily valued the class system because there's a clear distinction in what classes are preserved and what classes are forgotten.

Creative Component

Marble - For the various types of marble the grave markers are made of

Spanish Moss - For the famous plant full of bugs that tourists love to grab when visiting

Varela - For Father Varela

Verot - For Bishop Verot

Unmarked - For all those who are buried and forgotten

Iron Gate - For the cemetery gates

Headstone - For all the headstones in the cemetery

James - For the young boy every ghost tour tells us to look for

Forester - For Elizabeth Forester